{"id":206739,"date":"2021-04-01T18:05:32","date_gmt":"2021-04-01T09:05:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/nijilogu.com\/?p=206739"},"modified":"2021-04-01T18:05:32","modified_gmt":"2021-04-01T09:05:32","slug":"we-saw-the-surface-of-venus-about-half-a-century-ago","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nijilogu.com\/?p=206739","title":{"rendered":"We Saw the Surface of Venus About Half A Century Ago"},"content":{"rendered":"
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The surface of Venus. Photo: NPO Lavochkin<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

A series of satellites launched by the Soviet Union in the 1970s and 80s to study Venus\u2019s periphery were named Venera. Venera was also a program aimed at sending the first images of another planet\u2019s surface to Earth. Throughout the program, 13 research vehicles were successfully launched and transferred data on our planet neighbor. Eight of them were successfully surfaced, and four of them transmitted quite unusual images.<\/p>\n

The Venera 7, the first orbital vehicle to carry a landing vehicle, was launched on 17 August 1970. After four months of traveling to Venus, the landing craft left the orbital vehicle on December 15 and dived in Venus\u2019 intense atmosphere. After aerodynamic braking for a while, the top cover and heat shield were removed, the spacecraft was exposed to the elements on the planet, and the parachute was opened, which slowed the landing vehicle. The parachute was unfolded six minutes later because Venus\u2019s atmosphere was dense enough to slow the landing craft for the last 29 minutes of descending. The vehicle landed successfully, and data was transferred from the surface for a second before the signal ceased. But post-flight analysis of the recorded radio signal revealed that the rover actually transmitted data for 23 minutes before succumbing to Venus\u2019s environment. Venera 7 was followed by Venera 8, which was launched on March 27, 1972. Reaching Venus on July 22, 1972, the vehicle sent data for 63 minutes after landing.<\/p>\n

Venera 9, launched on June 8, 1975, was the first spacecraft to attempt to take a photo on Venus\u2019s surface. Although the reconnaissance vehicle landed safely on October 22, only one of the two cameras had the lens cover removed. The 360-degree panorama photo, which was planned to be taken around the landing vehicle, had become a 180-degree image. Venera 10 also followed in the footsteps of Venera 9 and reached the surface on 29 October. Again, only one of the lens caps could be removed, and the vehicle sent a 180-degree panoramic image before falling silent after 65 minutes on the surface. (The image shot by Venera 9 is seen above, and the image shot by Venera 10 is below.)<\/p>\n

View from Verena 9 to 10.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The next two space missions were partially successful. Both in 1978; Venera landed on 11th December 25th and Venera 12 on December 21st. But in both cases, the lens cover problem arose again. In these two missions, both lens covers on the cameras were not separated. So although the landing vehicles sent data, none of them were able to visualize the surface.<\/p>\n

Venera 13 was launched on October 30, 1981 and was placed on Venus on March 1, 1982. As the Talk vehicle was on the surface, the cameras started taking a panorama around the vehicle. The spacecraft lasted 127 minutes before falling silent.<\/p>\n

Image captured from Venera 13\u2019s left camera.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
Image captured from Venera 13\u2019s right camera.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
Full view of Venera 13.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Venera 14 was the last landing mission. It was launched on 4 November 1981 and landed on 5 March 1982. The landing vehicle lasted 57 minutes until its sound stopped.<\/p>\n

Image from Venera 14.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Therefore, Venus\u2019 surface images may not be as enchanting as landscapes from Mars. But when you consider the environment that those vehicles had to endure to shoot these images (temperatures up to 480 \u00b0 C and an atmospheric pressure 92 times what we feel on Earth), they\u2019ve accomplished something pretty incredible. Isn\u2019t it time to pay more attention to Venus?<\/p>\n

Author: Amy Shira Teitel \/ Popular Science. Translated by: Ozan Zalo\u011flu.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Source: \u30a2\u30cb\u30f2\u30bf\u03b2<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The surface of Venus. Photo: NPO Lavochkin A series of satellites launched by the Soviet Union in the 1970s an … \u7d9a\u304d\u3092\u8aad\u3080 »<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":206740,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-206739","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-1"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/nijilogu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1617266132_733_We-Saw-the-Surface-of-Venus-About-Half-A-Century.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nijilogu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/206739","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nijilogu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nijilogu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nijilogu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nijilogu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=206739"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nijilogu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/206739\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nijilogu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/206740"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nijilogu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=206739"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nijilogu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=206739"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nijilogu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=206739"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}